Building a Peanut Butter and Jelly

Building a Peanut Butter and Jelly Free Online Research Papers Nutty spread and jam sandwiches might be one of the most mainstream sandwiches that strikes a chord once the inquiry is posed, â€Å" What was your preferred sandwich growing up as a child† Many may not realize that the root of this PBJ sandwich still can't seem to be resolved. In any case, what is known is that in World War II troopers where given Peanut margarine and jam in their food proportions. Many state that the troopers joined the nutty spread to the jam since that made it simpler to eat. This sandwich is currently eaten by many, youthful and old. There are six simple strides to make and appreciate this sandwich. Initially, you should locate the correct bread. White bread is customary yet it isnt strong and the jam douses through. Moreover, white bread is incredibly handled and needs nutrients why not make this flavorful and sound? Multigrain includes its own flavor that supplements the pleasantness of the jam and nutty spread. Entire wheat is most beneficial choice. Ensure the bread is 100% entire wheat flour, not 100% improved entire wheat flour. Next, pick your nutty spread. Youll need to settle on thick or smooth. Thick can frequently be more diligently to spread, as it can tear the bread. Be that as it may, it includes a pleasant crunch. At that point, pick your jam. Normal alternatives incorporate grape jam, strawberry jam or raspberry jam. The audacious may picked apple jam. In the mean time, get a decent measure of nutty spread on a blade or spoon (this sum fluctuates with your own inclination) and spread it out uniformly onto one of the cuts of bread. Wipe any lingering nutty spread from the blade onto the second bit of bread. Next before long, Scoop some jam onto the other cut of bread. Once more, the sum is up to you, yet if all else fails, utilize less instead of something else. Jam will in general press out the edges and trickle in the event that you utilize excessively. Make a point to spread the jam uniformly. Following, tenderly press the two cuts of bread together. Continuously put the nutty spread side on the jam side in light of the fact that the jam will tumble off. At long last, cut your sandwich. This could be down the middle transversely into two consistent triangular cuts, fifty-fifty over the shorter width into two square shapes, into fourths both of these headings, or into the same number of pieces as you wish. One more thing-since nutty spread is clingy; youll need a tall glass of milk or a glass of water to help wash your sandwich down. Examination Papers on Building a Peanut Butter and JellyPersonal Experience with Teen PregnancyThe Spring and Autumn19 Century Society: A Deeply Divided EraThe Hockey GameResearch Process Part OneMarketing of Lifeboy Soap A Unilever ProductCapital PunishmentHip-Hop is ArtWhere Wild and West MeetEffects of Television Violence on Children

Cultural Critique Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Social Critique - Essay Example Jihad (heavenly, or strict, war) is pursued by the mujahideen (‘strugglers’ or Muslim contenders). Jihad is presently ordinarily connected with fear based oppression Terrorism (hostile to state, state-supported, strict, and so on.) has existed in each country, state and society in some structure or the other (physical, enthusiastic, mental, monetary, organic, and so forth.) since times prehistoric. It is intrinsically inactive in fundamental human instinct, just it differs in degree and structure from individual to individual and circumstance to circumstance. Psychological oppression can be followed back to the ‘Before Common Era’, a non-strict option in contrast to the utilization of BC in assigning the main time of the Gregorian Calendar. As indicated by Encyclop?dia Britannica Online, â€Å"The old Greek antiquarian Xenophon (c. 431â€c. 350 BC) composed of the adequacy of mental fighting against adversary populaces. Roman heads, for example, Tiberius (ruled promotion 14â€37) and Caligula (ruled advertisement 37â€41) utilized expulsion, seizure of property, and execution as intends to debilitate resistance to their rule.† The string of fear mongering persistently extended and â€Å"In the late spring of a.d. ... nce by neighborhood whites in a battle of fear based oppressor viciousness that toppled the reconstructionist governments in the American South and restored segregation† (Bryant 2002) and in â€Å"1898, 10 September, Empress Elisabeth of Bavaria of Austria-Hungary (regularly called Sisi) was wounded to death by a youthful Italian revolutionary named Luigi Lucheni, in Geneva† (New York Times 7). Fear based oppressor and dangerous exercises have been executed by pretty much every order and culture, be they in the clothing of the Crusades (One to Nine), exercises of the Jewish Zealots known as Sicarii, against pioneer struggle among Ireland and the UK, Algeria and France and Vietnam and France and the United States, struggle between national gatherings, for example, Palestinians and Israelis, battling between strict divisions, for example, Catholics and Protestants in Northern Ireland, inside clashes between progressive powers and set up governments, for example, the replac ement conditions of the previous Yugoslavia, Indonesia, the Philippines, Nicaragua, El Salvador and Peru, fundamentalist strict ideological conflicts, for example, ?amas and al-Qaeda, self destruction shelling strategies by ?amas and Liberation Tigers of Tamil Elam, psychological militant exercises of the Japanese Red Army, Puerto Rican FALN, Palestine Liberation Organization, among others. It is adequately apparent that fear mongering isn't an elite characteristic of a specific socio-strict gathering, organization, nationality, and so forth. It is the appearance of the disappointments of displeased deranged or indoctrinated minds which have been slyly controlled to serve the interests of fear based oppressors in completing dangerous acts. Psychological oppressor has no face, persona, religion or ethics. His solitary character is dread. He is a confused and misled, in fact intellectually spellbound, ‘victim’ prepared for

When a Partner Has Wandering Eyes

When a Partner Has Wandering Eyes Relationships Spouses & Partners Marital Problems Print How to Deal With a Partner Who Has Wandering Eyes By Sheri Stritof Sheri Stritof has written about marriage and relationships for 20 years. Shes the co-author of The Everything Great Marriage Book. Learn about our editorial policy Sheri Stritof Medically reviewed by Medically reviewed by Steven Gans, MD on November 13, 2018 Steven Gans, MD is board-certified in psychiatry and is an active supervisor, teacher, and mentor at Massachusetts General Hospital. Learn about our Medical Review Board Steven Gans, MD Updated on September 23, 2019 ONOKY - Fabrice LEROUGE / Getty Images More in Relationships Spouses & Partners Marital Problems LGBTQ Violence and Abuse When the issue of a partners eyes wandering is discussed, there seem to be two general responses: Either the behavior is brushed off as nothing to be concerned about or feelings of hurt and disrespect ensue, which may harm the relationship. Some even believe that checking out people other than a committed partner is a sure sign of infidelity. The true answer to whether or not this is OK lies with you, your needs, and your personal boundaries. Differing Viewpoints According to  Gail Saltz, M.D., a psychiatrist and expert on relationship matters, blatantly checking out, commenting on, repeatedly admiring, and flirting or touching someone else usually feels quite undermining to a partner. For partners that are bothered by the behavior, having wandering eyes is often described as: A sign of disrespectInsensitive behavior that shows a lack of caringOffensiveDamaging to a relationshipOne of the first signs of cheating and that a person is looking for another relationship Dr. Saltz acknowledges that all humans have some measure of voyeurism and exhibitionism: we like to look and we like to show. But unless both parties are confident of the others affection and fidelity, an obvious and frequent wandering eye will generally stir up envy and hurt, making one feel unappreciated  and even threatened in the relationship. On the other hand, there are people who believe that having a wandering eye is perfectly normal behavior. People in this camp often dont worry themselves about a quick glance, and some may not even be bothered by something more. Those who feel this way often cite the following points: Looking at an attractive person is thought to be a natural physiological reaction.A person with wandering eyes just appreciates beauty. Again, its important to remember that you define what is normal and acceptable for yourself and your relationship. That said, a study published in the  Journal of Personality and Social Psychology found that a consistent wandering eye probably signals a bigger issue in a relationship, which is worth considering.?? What to Do If Your Partners Eyes Wander If you are bothered by your partners eyes wandering, Dr. Saltz suggests that you make it clear that although you dont expect them to wear blinders, you dont want them to ogle someone else. If your partner really wont make any effort to change and doesnt appear to care how it makes you feel, its likely that other issues may be affecting your relationship that couples therapy could help examine. Indeed, it seems that research agrees with this advice. The aforementioned study goes on to say that nagging your partner to stop looking likely wont address any underlying problems, either.?? Your relationship will require communication and a strategy to boost satisfaction and commitment. Leading with jealousy and sweeping requests for your partner to change his or her behavior may lead them to tune you out. Instead, Dr. Saltz suggests the following: Dont try to police your partners wandering eyes.Accept that your partners wandering eye is not a reflection of your own attractiveness.Try to casually acknowledge it first when a beautiful person comes into view.If your partners wandering eye creates a problem in your relationship, discuss the issue with them. Start with your own feelings, not with an accusation or criticism.  Suggest couples therapy or attend therapy on your own if your requests are continually ignored. How to Know if You Need Marriage Counseling A Word From Verywell A wandering eye could very well be a natural, simple acknowledgment of attractive peopleâ€"nothing more. Of course, that may not be the case all the time. Regardless, your feelings should be valid to your partner. If it bothers you and you have calmly expressed as such to your partner, he or she should be receptive to your concerns.

Cause And Effects Of Juvenile Delinquency - 1458 Words

Juvenile crime is an increasing concern, in which numerous theorist continue to assert the probable causes and effects of juvenile delinquency (peaking during teenage phase 15-19) and its increasing provocations into adulthood (declining during the early twenties 40-60%) (National Institute of Justice, 2014). Offenders that were severely delinquent and violent during early youth (below age twelve) posed a higher probability of continuity of offending into the adult phase, in which a Pittsburgh Youth Study notes that 52-57% of juvenile delinquents maintain continuity of offending up to 25 years of age (National Institute of Justice, 2014). The continuity of offending varied according to the offense, in which selling drugs (17.0) and weapons†¦show more content†¦One of the most intriguing theories of life-course-persistent-offenders was presented by Terrie Moffit’s theory, asserting that there are two pathways in which antisocial behavior exists, in which is life-course persistent and adolescence-limited (Cullen, Francis, Robert Agnew, and Pamela Wilcox., 2014). LCP’s (approximately 5% of population) begin anti-social acts early in childhood and it continues into and beyond adolescence and AL’s which begin and end during teenage years (Cullen, Francis, Robert Agnew, and Pamela Wilcox., 2014). The theory notes that the underlying disposition continues but expression changes form as new social opportunities arise at different points in development, in which individual traits interact with the social environment to establish youths in antisocial continuity (Cullen, Francis, Robert Agnew, and Pamela Wilcox., 2014). Individual traits such as deficits in normal brain development and poor prenatal nutrition (neurological deficits) and high activity level, irritability, poor self-control, and low cognitive ability (psychological deficits) are linked directly to delinquency and social failure throughout life (Cullen, Francis, Robert Agnew, and Pamela Wilcox., 2014). Moffit proclaims that once young children enter adolescence, their primary developmental challenge is to overcome the readiness to be and live an adult life style against their biological development, which in turn becomes a source of dissatisfaction and motivationShow MoreRelatedChild Abuse And Neglect Cause Juvenile Delinquency1156 Words   |  5 PagesNeglect cause Juvenile Delinquency Strain theory describes the idea that there are certain events and conditions in an individual’s life that are disliked and involve the inability to achieve goals, loss of positively valued stimuli, and presentation of negative stimuli (Brezina and Agnew). Child neglect and abuse can be described by this theory, and often is, because of its elements and the effect it has on children. Before the idea of child abuse and neglect causing juvenile delinquency can beRead MoreWhy Marijuana Is The Common Juvenile Crime Performed By The Youth1525 Words   |  7 Pages Based on the report of Global Youth Justice Organization, the misuse of marijuana is the common juvenile crime performed by the youth. Marijuana abuse was ranked to be #6 in their list. Teens are being involved to marijuana use for diverse reasons and this includes poor supervision and communication of parents, family problems, lack of self- discipline, lack of discipline from parents or guardians, and family history of marijuana or drug abuse. Other risk factors would be physical and sexual abuseRead MoreIs There A Strong Relationship Between Poverty And Juvenile Delinquency?1655 Words   |  7 PagesStrong Relationship Between Poverty and Juvenile Delinquency? There is a lot of research in the world on whether or not poverty and juvenile delinquency are correlated. Of what I’ve seen, the studies suggest that there is, in fact, a relationship between them. Poverty is a serious issue, and it not only affects the people living in poverty, but it also affects the people around poverty-ridden neighborhoods. This study will address the issue of poverty on juveniles. Moreover, it will unveil the problemRead MoreThe Effects Of Juvenile Delinquency On Teens864 Words   |  4 Pagesunderdevelopment, deficiency and lack of housing areas. Theses can also affect teens that increase-doing crimes in which it called juvenile delinquency. There are two terms that define juvenile delinquency, 1: conduct by a juvenile characterized by antisocial behavior that is a beyond parental control and therefore subject to legal action; 2: a violation of law committed by a juvenile and not punishable by death or live imprisonment. (Cite). In this topic, I will explain more about family factors in whichRead MoreCauses and Solution of Juvenile Delinquency in America Essay1726 Words   |  7 Pagesevery year the FBI arrests more than 3300 young adults under the age of 18† (Khan).Juvenile delinquency can be caused by the influence gangs,bullying, and bad parenting. This topic caught my attention because there a lot of kids getting arrested each year for crimes committed and kids getting involved in gangs, also kids getting access to weapons,drugs, or getting bully by other people. However juvenile delinquency can be prevented by offering bullying prevention, violence prevention curriculumsRead MoreJuvenile Delinquency : Factors That Lead Youth1458 Words   |  6 PagesJuvenile Delinquency: Factors that lead youth to delinquency It has long been a problem why some children steal, damage properties and not others. Many researches have been done to know the main factor that lead youth to delinquency, and it has been learned that there is no single path to delinquency. Although much of the research on factors that youth face has focused on predicting serious and violent offenses. Many people wonder about the factors that lead youth to commit delinquency. There areRead MoreThe Effects Of Delinquency On Children s Life1657 Words   |  7 Pagescommit more crimes than adults, and that if we can reduce the amount of delinquency that occurs in the United States, then we will also reduce the amount of crime. To understand how to prevent delinquency, we must first understand what causes it. Delinquency can be caused by a number of factors involving the child s family, socialization, economic background and drug use. Of course, the earliest contributor to delinquency in a child s life is the family. (1) Early family dysfunction can leadRead More Preventing Juvenile Delinquency Essay1386 Words   |  6 PagesPreventing Juvenile Delinquency The saying is that history often repeats itself. If this is true then society will have to deal with the complex burden of juvenile who eventually become adult criminals. However, if this saying is not true then the community in which juvenile delinquency exist must have the tool necessary to divert the youth in the community. If one is to change delinquent youth’s behavior, they need to variegate the justice system in order to prevent juvenile delinquent recidivismsRead MoreJuvenile Delinquency Essay1646 Words   |  7 PagesA juvenile delinquent offense is an act committed by a juvenile for which an adult would be tried at a criminal court. New statistics give an alarming picture: juvenile delinquency is higher as never before. According to the census bureau, in 2008 there were 1,653,000 recorded delinquent offenses in the United States. This is a 23.6% increase from 1990 when 1,337,000 delinquent offenses occurred. Today, a lot of people demand lowering the age of crim inal responsibility and draconian penalties (JensonRead MoreUnique Juvenile Situations Faced by Correctional Officers1315 Words   |  6 PagesRUNNING HEAD: UNIQUE SITUATIONS WHEN DEALING WITH JUVENILES Unique Situations When Dealing With Juveniles Corrections Professor Sunshine Richards Juvenile crime rates have been a main concern for law enforcement officials throughout the past several decades. â€Å"Over the past several decades, the number of juvenile arrests have been relatively stable except for increases in juvenile violent crime, as murder arrests for juvenile offenders increased by 93 percent during the 1980s and arrests

The World Of Dance Media - 2377 Words

2017 Ryan Heffington’s unconventional style has the public wide-eyed and craving more. From his choreographic work in Sia’s Chandelier and Elastic Heart videos, among many others, Heffington’s name is on the frontier of the commercial dance, film, music, fashion and film industries (â€Å"Sir Heffington†). His work parallels the definition of edgy. The public has experienced his work at Walt Disney Concert Hall, Hammer Museum L.A.C.E. gallery, L.A. County Museum of Art, and the Dorothy Chandler Pavilion and the Museum of Contemporary Art. He has choreographed over 10 music videos, reaching success and award nominations both in the U.S. and the U.K. Heffington can be compared to a modern day Jack Cole, as both artists delved into the world of†¦show more content†¦Of 56 documented cases of violence, only 19 victims reported the crimes to the police. The police only took statements from 8 of those cases and only 4 led to arrests (â€Å"Jamaica†). LGBTIA people are many times hunted and chased out of their homeland. They seek refuge in countries such as Canada because it is the only way to escape the discrimination of the people and government in Jamaica. Many LGBTIA Jamaicans are denied full citizenship rights and in turn become homeless, forced to live in the sewers, hiding from the harassment from the people and the police. The Offences Against the Person Act states that it is illegal to engage in â€Å"acts of gross indecency† and â€Å"buggery,† which is anal sex (Lewis). Buggery refers to sex between two males and this law is targeted toward gay men, while there are no laws that target lesbians or their conduct (Lewis). Heffington’s choreography from the controversial Grammy nominated video â€Å"We Exist† played an imperative role in opening a discussion and promoting equality through dance. The video was released in May of 2014, which was a time of growing acceptance for LGBTIA communit y in the United States. This music video and its message of self-empowerment and acceptance of each other’s sexual orientation has been a driving force of positivity to not only the LGBTIA community, but also society as a whole. Win Butler explained that the idea for â€Å"We Exist† came about as he talked to these kids in Jamaica andShow MoreRelatedEssay about Analysis of Hip-Hop Dance and Reasons for Its Popularity999 Words   |  4 PagesHip-hop dance is a popular and energetic dance genre, usually accompanied by hip-hop music. It has enjoyed popularity among young people all over the world. I have been interested in hip-hop music and dance for a long time. I can show my love for life and exercise my body by practicing hip-hop dance. Young people like hip-hop dance because they can invent their own moves. It offers young people a new way to express their own personalities and emotion. Hip-hop dance also shows that they feel goodRead MoreThe Harlem Shake : Cultural Trend1685 Words   |  7 PagesThe Harlem Shake is a social dance that represents the cultural identity of a neighborhood in New York, but can also be used to define other cultures and groups of people around the globe. It was the center of popular culture in the United States and rapidly spread through the growing popularity of social media. The Harlem Shake is a cultural trend that is known for constructing the identity of widespread groups of people. Thirty years ago, a boy named Albert Boyce caught the attention of hisRead MoreReality Television and the Dance World Essay890 Words   |  4 Pages A great deal of the world possesses a vague sense of the existence of the dance world, but they do not know much past that. The assistance of reality television shows, such as Dance Moms, So You Think You Can Dance, and Dancing with the Stars, present the inner workings of the dance community to the general public. Unfortunately, the publicity can change how society perceives the dance world. Reality television affected the dance world by contributing an air of commercialism to it, influencing youngerRead MoreThe Effects Of Television On Society s Society1583 Words   |  7 PagesMedia is a very powerful source in today’s society, especially, television. Through technological advancements, television has given people the ability to access almost any program at their fingertips. Shows like Dance Moms, So You Think You Can Danc e, and Dancing with the Stars acquire exponential ratings and leave quite the impact on their viewers. As such, viewers around the globe, both young and old, are inspired to dance and keep dancing. Dance is an expressive art form, which allows peopleRead MoreHow Have Advancements in Technology Affected Dance and Dance Companies?997 Words   |  4 PagesHow have advancements in technology affected dance and dance companies? For millions of years Humans have been developing technology. As human’s we are on the peak of change moving from and analogue world to a digital one. This creates vast amounts of opportunities in the entertainment industry none more so than Dance. Although some traditional dance has kept to its roots there has been some major advancements effected by technology. Dance companies have almost been revolutionised by the use ofRead MoreYoung Children s Early Arts1552 Words   |  7 Pagessmell, touch, taste, sound and sight as they make sense of their world around them. In doing so, allows them to enables children to engage in their own expressions, as well as make choices, connections and their thoughts and feelings for communication and to learn (Wright, 2012). The visual and performing arts and well as arts-related activities, within the five arts disciplines of music, movement/dance, drama, visual art and media, foster engagement for representational, communicative, expressiv eRead MoreThe Influence of Books on the Past and Present Literacy850 Words   |  3 Pageseducation. For instance, the educators linked several issues to past literacy and adult education. The bone of contention emerges between the impact of theory and practice on policy making. The research provides the basis of how the three coexist in the world of literacy. It provides the platform where literacy meets adult education. The aspect of literacy in this context relates to classrooms, workplaces, cyberspace, and tutorial sessions. The scholar article is important as it will provide a basis forRead MoreHip Hop Dance And The Entertainment Industry1369 Words   |  6 PagesHip-Hop Dance and the Entertainment Industry Over the course of this semester we have studied Ballet, Modern, and World dance genres. First of I have nothing against those genres of dance, but the type of dance that interests me is Hip-Hop dance. In this paper, I am going to discuss the relationship of hip-hop dance and the entertainment industry today. I will talk about shows, movies, and celebrities of their relationship with the hip-hop dance culture. I will also discuss how the subject of theRead MoreThe Invention Of Film And Media Productions940 Words   |  4 Pagescontributing to the inaccessibility of theater entertainment and the difficulty of disseminating new ideas. However, this changed with the invention of film and digital media. Film has positively impacted the world and more specifically the dance world in various ways. Both concert and social dances are popularized through exposure in film and media productions. Photographers were intrigued with the idea of reproducing human movement and began experimenting with the concept of ‘moving pictures.’ The photographers’Read MoreEople Culture Essay758 Words   |  4 Pageseople come from all different types of cultures from around the world. Your culture is made up of so many different things like religion food language, and even the close that you wear on the daily basis. Every culture is very different in the way they decide to show their culture thats what makes it so beautiful, and a new experience every time you do, taste or see something new from a different culture One experience that helps me to understand other cultures better is dancing. I have gotten

Animal Research as an Integral Part of Society Free Essays

As Doctor Zola-Morgan stated in a speech to animal right activists, â€Å"I†ve seen the impact of the animal rights movement. I believe this is an attack on science of the worst kind. If we allow it to prevail it will take us back to the dark ages. We will write a custom essay sample on Animal Research as an Integral Part of Society or any similar topic only for you Order Now † Too much of the public has come to think of medical researchers as â€Å"tormenters rather than healers.† The good is overlooked and the bad is exploited. Although many people think that animal research is morally wrong, animal research should continue because it is critical to continued progress in human health and alternatives to research animals are not available. Animal rights activists feel that animal research is immoral. They do not see where we as human beings see or feel that we are the dominant species. They often assert that research with animals causes severe pain and that many research animals are abused. The activists do not feel the need to put the animals through such pain. Many of the experiments are replicated also which causes an unneeded demand for animals to perform experiments. Experiments which have already been proven are still being experimented with. However, animal research is an integral part of today†s society when thinking of how much progress we have gained in human health with the use of animal experimentation. To date some forty-one Nobel prizes have been awarded to scientists whose achievements depended on laboratory animals. Vaccines against polio, diphtheria, mumps, measles, rubella, and smallpox would not have been possible without such experiments. There also would not be such important techniques such as open heart surgery, brain surgery, coronary bypass, microsurgery to re-attached limbs, organ transplants, and correction of congenital heart defects. The list goes on about the medical advances that required animal research. Insulin to control diabetes and medications important in the management of asthma, epilepsy, arthritis, ulcers, and hypertensions are a few more to add to the list. To take animal research away would also be to halt our society†s advancement of more procedures and more medicines to enhanc he better living of humans. In addition, there are no alternatives to animal experimentation that can give the same results that it can. In certain research investigations, cell, tissue, organ cultures, and computer models can be used at least in the preliminary phases of the investigation. However, in many experimental situations, culture techniques and computer models do not capture the â€Å"physiological complexity† of the whole animal. Some examples of where animals are necessary in research include the development of a vaccine against HIV and improvement of methods to relieve mental stress and anxiety. These challenges can only be addressed by research with animals. Computer models and cultures cannot get the whole body effect of an experiment. Humans are the only alternatives to animals for this and when faced with this alternative, most people prefer the use on animals as the research model. Animal research is necessary to maintain our society†s well being. Many people think it is morally wrong but when the advantages are considered with the disadvantages, the good outweighs the bad. Animal Research is necessary to continued progress in human health. If other methods were available they would be given a fair chance but for now only animal experimentation works best. If all of the advances in human health were taken away our society would still be in a primitive age. Animal research has taken us out of that age. How to cite Animal Research as an Integral Part of Society, Essay examples

Active Supply Chain Systems on Retail Responsiveness

Question: Discuss about the Literature Review for Active Supply Chain Systems on Retail Responsiveness. Answer: Literature Review: A Survey of the Impact of employment of Active Supply Chain Systems on Retail Responsiveness Active supply chain is one of the essential requirements in the present business environment. Effective supply chain helps an organisation to meet the needs and demands of the consumers and hence it is essential for every business to develop a smart supply chain so that the businesses are quick to react to the needs and wants of the consumers. As stated by Roh et al., (2014) Retail responsiveness has been one of the tools that have acted as the ladder of success for many companies in the contemporary business environment. Responsiveness is normally defined as the reaction or response given to a reply and responsiveness in retail means the response the companies give in regards to the needs and wants of the consumers which will help them to gain competitive advantage in the business. To critically analyse the role of supply chain it is extremely essential to mention that it is one tool that allows a company to provide the right kind of services to the consumers. In the present market almost all the companies are working to do responsive retail and active supply chain is one of the important aspects in allowing the companies to do that. For responsive retail it is important to have responsive supply chain. Since consumers are becoming highly fickle nowadays it becomes tough for the companies to compete and gain customer loyalty. Hence it is important for these companies to have effective tools which would help them to be responsive to the consumers. According to Blanchard (2010) Active supply chain means the supply chain which is capable enough to respond to the needs and wants of the stores at regular intervals. With different concepts coming up supply chain has to be streamlined for the effective operation of the business. The implementation of active supply chain will help the stores to get supplies quickly which will help to address the needs and wants of the consumers effectively. On the other hand for manufacturers active supply chain system means getting access to large amount of raw materials and using the inputs to develop outputs within a very short period of time to meet the growing demands of stores and most importantly at lower prices. If a supply chain works like this then it is said to be retail responsive. Farahani et al., (2014) said traditional monolith of supply chain has been highly influenced by the changing consumer demand and hence supply chain had to be developed in order to keep up with the rapid pace of change. Fig 1: Supply Chain Integration on retailers (Source: Farahani et al., 2014) The customized needs and wants of the consumers have been fulfilled by the implementation of active supply chain where a company has been able to meet the needs and requirements of the consumers effectively and one of the best examples of this has been the growing need of fashion among the consumers and in response top companies have taken up the concept of fast fashion. As stated by Vermeulen Seuring (2009) fast fashion consumers have developed customized needs and wants and for this top companies had to modify their supply chain which has helped them to quickly respond to needs and wants of the consumers effectively. Both form of business like offline and online businesses have taken up agile management system which has also helped to develop the supply chain management as per the market trend. Hence it could be said that active supply chain management impacts the retail responsiveness positively as it helps to address the needs and wants of the consumers quickly and effectively a nd allows gaining competitive advantage in the market. Active supply chain mainly means having effective strategies and capabilities in place so that at the right time the supply chain could respond to the needs and demands of the consumers. The UK retail sector is more competitive than ever and hence it is important for the companies to focus on driving towards the business in order to sustain in the market which could be only done by offering better and smarter products at regular intervals. As per Kim (2009) An exceptional supply chain should be tailored to the customer experience a company wants to have which is extremely important not only drive the consumers but also to develop a strong platform based on which the company could survive for a long time in the market and hence it is extremely important to develop the supply chain as per the requirements of the organisation. An active supply chain is well equipped to provide growth, cost control, customer service enhancement and hence customer loyalty. When a supply chain is able to p rovide the above mentioned features a company is able to continuously develop and present consumers with their required products which automatically make the retail responsive. Critically examining the role of employment active supply chain it could be said that more active the supply chain there is a possibility of better result from the business. As per Van Weele (2009) Supply chain management is considered critical for the success of a retail organisation as active supply chain has positive influence over the companies. Reaching to the consumers is what every company wants and the role of supply chain is to make the organisation capable enough to develop its position in the market so that it could come closer to its target audience through responsive retail. Vermeulen Seuring (2009) said that an active supply chain means an agile supply chain that is capable of responding to the customers requirements readily and this clearly gives upper hand to the companies as they are able to do responsive retail. Strong distribution network, flexible capacity, people development and strategic alignment are some of the key components of the active supply chain. Blanchard (2010) stated that top multinationals in order to become responsive have focused on developing their supply chain based on these components which has helped them to respond to the market demand effectively. The role of supply chain has expanded in the last few years and continues to grow and has become integral to the success of retail businesse s which clearly shows that active supply chain or a responsive supply chain is essential for the effective practice of responsive retail. Fig 2: Active Supply Chain (Retail) (Source: Christopher 2016) The retail market environment in UK is highly competitive and it is essential for the retail companies to be responsive to their consumers but it is only possible with the support from the internal processes of the companies. The internal processes of the organisation include effective supply chain which will help the company to bring the right kinds of products to the consumers as per their taste and preferences. In this heavily congested retail market consumers have become highly unpredictable and their demands for unique kinds of products and low prices have created problems for the companies and the implementation of active supply chain have come to the rescue of the companies. As stated by Christopher (2016) Responsive supply chain has helped the retail companies to be responsive to the consumer needs and demands. An active supply chain is always responsive and prepared to compete with the unexpected pressure coming from the market. Vermeulen Seuring (2009) said Supply chains i n the retail sector will have to be prepared to face hiccups which would help the company to come out of pressure situations in terms of getting raw materials, development of output and distribution which will help to compete with the market environment. In the modern day market it is not always easier for the retailers to maneuver the daily hiccups like shortage of products, weak product mix and poor distribution and hence it is important to implement active supply chain which will help to get products within short span of time and will also help to strengthen the product mix. Gunasekaran et al., (2008) said that performing fact based analysis will help to develop the supply chain effectively as customize it as per the needs and wants of the company and so for the consumers. Getting real time data from the internal and external sources about the needs and wants of the consumers and getting insights about the distribution channel and inventory management are extremely essential for effective working of an organisation. The implementation of active supply chain has clearly contributed to the development of retail business by helping them to get support in terms of products which has helped them to support the needs and wants of the consumers successfully and helped to make retail businesses responsive. References Blanchard, D. (2010).Supply chain management best practices. John Wiley Sons. Christopher, M. (2016).Logistics supply chain management. Pearson Higher Ed. Farahani, R. Z., Rezapour, S., Drezner, T., Fallah, S. (2014). Competitive supply chain network design: An overview of classifications, models, solution techniques and applications.Omega,45, 92-118. Gunasekaran, A., Lai, K. H., Cheng, T. E. (2008). Responsive supply chain: a competitive strategy in a networked economy.Omega,36(4), 549-564. Kim, S. W. (2009). An investigation on the direct and indirect effect of supply chain integration on firm performance.International Journal of Production Economics,119(2), 328-346. Roh, J., Hong, P., Min, H. (2014). Implementation of a responsive supply chain strategy in global complexity: The case of manufacturing firms.International Journal of Production Economics,147, 198-210. Van Weele, A. J. (2009).Purchasing and supply chain management: Analysis, strategy, planning and practice. Cengage Learning EMEA. Vermeulen, W. J., Seuring, S. (2009). Sustainability through the marketthe impacts of sustainable supply chain management: introduction.Sustainable Development,17(5), 269-273.

Ethical analysis of illegal downloading and the effects of it

Over the past decade, we have witnessed dramatic advances in the field of information technology. In the process, our lives have improved greatly. Indeed, technology and by extension, the internet, has had a profound effect on our lifestyles and lives. Not only has the internet affected the way we conduct business and interact, but also it has also affected the manner in which we share information.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Ethical analysis of illegal downloading and the effects of it specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More With the rapid growth of online business, there has also been a resultant increase in the number of people and businesses that are connected to, have access to and share information. Although the internet has eased sharing of knowledge and information, as we advance in technology, it is important to consider issue of ethics in sharing information and knowledge. One area where there has been a r apid growth in sharing of information and technology is in the music industry where the issue of file sharing has become quite rampant. File sharing describes the activity of providing or distributing access to information stored, using digital means, like in multimedia form (for example, images, video, and audio), as well as computer programs. To start with, a summary of the article, â€Å"The high price for free music: how illegal downloads are silencing artist†, by Hayes (2012), is provided. The key points of the article will be summarized. Thereafter, the multinational as well as global aspects of the article shall be analyzed. Three critically important questions that I would like to address regarding this topic are also highlighted. Hayes (2012) argues that file sharing has seen a rapid increase in illegal music downloads. He further notes that nearly 80 % of the music downloads are illegal downloads. This is also negatively affecting the economy. By downloading music i llegally, you hurt musicians and generally, exploit the music industry. It becomes hard for musicians to finance and develop new projects. This effectively creates a hostile market for musicians. As Hayes (2012) has noted, many people who download music illegally do so because it is a convenient way for getting music with little regard for the ethics behind such a practice. The loyalties paid to musicians by record companies are also likely to decline due to declined music sales, buoyed by increased cases of music downloads. Lack of adequate policing of the music industry means illegal music downloads goes on unabated. Hayes (2012) further argues that as the prevalence of illegal downloading increases, this tends to reduce the pricing power of an artist, because there are cheaper options of getting their music. In the past few years, electronic piracy has turned into a problem of global status.Advertising Looking for essay on ethics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More The emergence of Napster in the late 1990s ensured that file sharing became extremely popular (Liebowitz, 2000). Hohn, Muftic and Wolf (2006) argue that recording and software companies have witnessed reduced sales revenue owing to internet piracy. Peitz and Waelbroeck (2004) notes that internet piracy accounted for nearly 20% of music revenue losses. File sharing has largely come about due to technological innovation. By definition, ethics is a choice of what has been accepted as being wrong vs. what is accepted as being right. Having established that illegal downloading of music is akin to theft, as such, it would be better to examine some of the reasons that prompt individuals to download music. One of these reasons is that people are reluctant to pay a premium for music that they can otherwise downloading cheaply. The argument is that it is not justifiable to pay for something that you can get free. From an ethical perspective, downloading music illegally is wrong, because it is akin to reaping where one has not sown. The artist cannot get what he/she rightly deserves, because you have found a cheaper way to access their music. Downloading of music illegally contravenes Mill’s principle of utility which proposes that conducting oneself in an ethical manner does the greatest good to a large number of people (Panas Ninni, 2011). Multinationals in the music industry have also been affected a lot by illegal downloading of music. For example, some multinationals have had to alter their businesses due to theft and illegal downloading of music. This is because these practices affect the pricing power of companies. Consequently, they are forced to reduce compensation given to artists in order to generate profits. In light of the foregoing arguments, the following questions arise: Why are we so fascinated with illegal music download? How can multinationals in the music industry overcome the problem of illegal music do wnloads? How has the prevalence of illegal music download changed the marketplace?Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Ethical analysis of illegal downloading and the effects of it specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More The issue of illegal downloading of music has largely been influenced by advances in technology. This affects the revenue sales of music and as such, music producers and artists do not get value for their money and time. Besides, it contravenes some of the theories in ethics, such as Mill’s principle of utility. There is a need, therefore, to institute policies that seek to decrease the prevalence of illegal music downloads. Reference List Hayes, J. (2012). The high price of free music: How illegal downloads are  silencing artists. Web. Hohn, D. A., Muftic L. R., Wolf, K. (2006). Swashbuckling Students: An Exploratory Study of Internet Piracy. Security Journal, 19, 110-127. Liebowitz, S. (2002). Policing Pirates in the Networked Age. Policy Analysis, 438, 1-28. Panas, E. E., Ninni, V. E. (2011). Ethical Decision Making in Electronic Piracy: An Explanatory Model based on the Diffusion of Innovation Theory and Theory of Planned Behavior. International Journal of Cyber Criminology, 5(2), 836-859. Peitz, M., Waelbroeck, P. (2004). The Effect of Internet Piracy on CD Sales: Cross-Section Evidence. Review of Economic Research on Copyright  Issues, 1(2), 71-79. This essay on Ethical analysis of illegal downloading and the effects of it was written and submitted by user Abbigail Hines to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.

How to Conjugate the French Verb Détester

How to Conjugate the French Verb Dà ©tester The French verb  dà ©tester  means to hate. Unlike some other verbs, this one is fairly easy to remember because of its similarity to the English word detest. As with the English verb, you would use  dà ©tester  to express an extreme dislike for something, such as food or a particular household chore youre not fond of. Like the majority of verbs in French,  dà ©tester is a regular verb. Conjugating Dà ©tester Verb conjugations can become a headache for French students because there are so many verb forms to remember. Not only does the infinitive ending change with each tense and mood, it also changes with each subject pronoun. For   example, I hate is je dà ©teste and we will hate is nous dà ©testerons. Its easier to memorize all these forms if you practice them in context and simple sentences. Subject Present Future Imperfect je dteste dtesterai dtestais tu dtestes dtesteras dtestais il dteste dtestera dtestait nous dtestons dtesterons dtestions vous dtestez dtesterez dtestiez ils dtestent dtesteront dtestaient Present and Past Participle The  present participle  of  dà ©testant  is formed by adding -ant  to the verb stem of  dà ©test. While its primarily used as a verb, you will find it useful as an adjective, gerund, or noun as well. Beyond the imperfect, another form of the past tense hated is the  passà © composà ©. This one is formed in a different manner and relies on the  past participle  dà ©testà ©. To complete it, you must also conjugate the  auxiliary verb  avoir.   As an example, I hated is jai dà ©testà © and we hated is nous avons dà ©testà ©. More Conjugations There will be times when you will need to imply some degree of uncertainty to the verb  dà ©tester  as well. For this, use the subjunctive verb mood. In a similar fashion, the conditional form is used when the hating is dependent on something else happening. You should not use the passà © simple unless youre reading or writing in French. The same applies to the imperfect subjunctive, though its a good idea to be able to recognize these as forms of  dà ©tester. Subject Subjunctive Conditional Pass Simple Imperfect Subjunctive je dteste dtesterais dtestai dtestasse tu dtestes dtesterais dtestas dtestasses il dteste dtesterait dtesta dtestt nous dtestions dtesterions dtestmes dtestassions vous dtestiez dtesteriez dtesttes dtestassiez ils dtestent dtesteraient dtestrent dtestassent The imperative verb form may be quite useful with  dà ©tester  because its often used in exclamations. When using it, the subject pronoun is not required: use dà ©teste rather than tu dà ©teste. Imperative (tu) dteste (nous) dtestons (vous) dtestez

Information Analysis of Organization Systems Case Study

Information Analysis of Organization Systems - Case Study Example The reliance on $50 million loan with annual $10 million balloon payments is an irrational economic base of trying to solve the business problem. The huge debt will limit the company’s growth for five years. Moreover, the JalupaBook project limits the company’s growth by limiting the funding for other prioritized and more beneficial initiatives like manufacturing plant modernization. Ultimately, the organization system relies on an IT department with inexperienced, junior, incompetent staff to design and implement JalupaBook project. The organization systems could not guarantee a suitable market presence and failed to contain the continued decline of the sale of guitars in the last five years. The company decided to change its organization systems to establish a new market that resonates with the modern musical industry. Yes. The company’s competitors are yet to utilize the integrated ecommerce component that promises immense market returns. The company must establish another market to survive. The proposed organization systems correlate with the modern global trends that embrace social media as a business medium. The project seeks to attract potential new customers through social media activities and connections with prominent guitar players. The project aims at enabling customers to interact through social media and establish a new generation of musicians. The company encounters barriers to entry since it is new in online commerce. The company might lose its traditional customers and conservative advertisers who may not prefer online interactions. The huge imminent debt for implementing the project is not feasible. Moreover, the inexperienced and incompetent IT department will jeopardize the project. The company’s gross margins on guitars and guitar amplifiers stand at 42% that supports the project. The company enjoys the highest net margins in the industry with a convincing

The Music of Bollywood Films Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words - 2

The Music of Bollywood Films - Assignment Example The Indian cinema is not a recent production, but it has got a long, and I must say successful history and the credit mainly also goes to the Bollywood heroines also, forthe Bollywood heroines, starting from early ’60 to the present, like from Devika Rani to Kareena Kapoor, Nadia to Ashweria Rai, all of them have been the dream girls of the Bollywood, and have played some certain archetypes.Archetypes basically mean a very typical Example of a certain thing or a person. The most common archetypes of the Bollywood may include The Tragedy Queen, who was always sad though out the film, and was singing heart touching songs, or may be working as a maid in the beginning of the film, but being the princess at the end. This just always reminds me the Cinderella story. Meena Kumari, Raakhi and Preety Zinta for of the latest actresses present a very good example of the tragedy queen. The Sex Kitten is another archetype of Bollywood, in which Zeenat, Mumtaz and Sharmila for the old actre sses and Ashweria, Katrina Kaif, Bipasha Basu, and Malika Shirawath are natural sex appeals to take the title of the sex kittens. There was another category of heroines, who always go out to prove that the girls are always better than the boys, they were described as Tomboys. In this kind of role, Kajol has played an unforgettable role in Kuch Kuch Hota Hai, and Kareena Kapoor in Jab We Met. Stereotypes mean a widely used and oversimplified idea about a specific type of person or a thing. As far as I analyze, the Bollywood stereotypes basically include the Religion specially Christianity, about Muslims, Hinduism itself and Sikhism also. After religion, the thing they most importantly include is the Region, for most of them are produced at places outside India. And according to another trend, they produce movies based on Ghosts also, which they call Bhoot. They are sometimes horror and

Chemical Synthesis of a Gene: Phosphodiester Approach

Chemical Synthesis of a Gene: Phosphodiester Approach Chemical synthesis of a gene is the process of synthesizing an artificially designed gene into a physical DNA sequence by chemical methods. The amino acid sequence of the protein encoded by a gene enables the deduction of base sequence of the concerned gene. From the amino acid sequence of the protein and using a set of optimal codons, the nucleotide sequence of the gene can be back translated. However, the degeneracy of genetic code may present some problems, but a functional sequence of the gene can nonetheless be worked out and can be optimized for codon usage as well as for base composition. In principle, a DNA synthesizer can be used to synthesize the DNA sequence chemically and this can be cloned in the usual manner. But this is not so simple. A synthesizer will add bases sequentially one at a time to the growing oligonucleotide chain through a series of chemical reactions and washing steps. Synthesis of oligonucleotides 30-50 bases long is very reliable, longer sequences can be synthesized but the practical limit is not more than 100 bases. One way to solve this is to synthesize short fragments and join them chemically or enzymatically to create the longer fragment. However, the synthesizer makes single-stranded DNA, so the complementary strand has to be synthesized again to create a double-stranded DNA. It involves a lot of work but is achievable. Early studies. The synthesis of nucleic acids in the laboratory started about thirty years ago. Early synthetic efforts used phosphodiester approach which enabled the synthesis of short oligonucleotides of 10-20 nucleotides. This approach was based on the selection of the proper condensing agents for phosphodiester bond formation and at the same time suitable protective groups were employed for the bases and the ribose moiety. These oligonucleotides were then assembled into longer DNA fragments with the help of kinase and DNA ligase. From the known primary structure of a ribonucleic acid, tyrosine tRNA, Dr H Khorana and his colleagues deduced the DNA sequence and synthesized successfully a DNA segment containing 200 bp coding for the structural gene for tyrosine tRNA. However, the low yields in the condensation step, the long reaction times, and especially the time-consuming purification of intermediates led to believe that chemical gene synthesis is unlikely to become a standard lab oratory method. Since then, the procedure for oligonucleotide synthesis has been improved by several workers and they provide different approaches for synthesis as well as protection of bases and sugar moieties. There are three distinct methods: (1) phosphodiester approach, (2) phosphotriester or phosphate triester approach and (3) phosphite triester or phosphoramidite approach. Phosphodiester approach This method involves the formation of an ester linkage between an activated phosphate group of one nucleotide with the hydroxyl group of another nucleoside, thus forming the natural phosphodiester bridge between the 5-OH of one nucleoside unit and the 3-OH of the next. Here, 3-O-acetylnucleoside-5-O-phosphate (a) is activated by N,N-dicyclo- hexylcarbodiimide (DCC) or p-toluenesulphonylchloride(PTS/PTsCl) and subjected to react with a 5-O-protected nucleoside (b) to give a protected dinucleoside monophosphate or phosphodiester (c). Activation of phosphate moiety is essential for easier formation of the phosphodiester linkage and this is mediated by DCC or PTsCl. Now, to increase the chain length, one has to remove the 3-O-acetyl group by base catalysed hydrolysis. Further chain elongation is carried out by repeating the process. The major drawback of the phosphodiester method is the formation of pyrophosphate oligomers and oligonucleotides branched at the internucleosidic phosphate. Phosphotriester approach In this method, oligonucleotide branch formation is avoided by protecting the phosphate group with an ethylcyano group. A nucleotide containing 5-OH protected and phosphate protected by MMT and 2-cyanoethyl group respectively (compound a) is activated with 2,4,6-Triisopropylbenzenesulfonyl chloride (TPSCl) and subjected to reaction with a 3-O-protected nucleoside (b). This generates a dinucleoside monophosphate or phosphotriester (c) in which phosphate group is protected by 2-cyanoethyl group. The basic difference between phosphodiester and phosphotriester method is that, in phosphodiester method, the phosphate group is protected by two phosphoester linkage but in phosphotriester method the phosphate group is protected by one extra phosphoester linkage with 2-cyanoethyl group. In phosphotriester method, the formation of oligonucleotide branch at the internucleosidic phosphate is avoided. Phosphite triester or phosphoramidite approach The phosphite triester or phosphoramidite approach for oligonucleotide synthesis was based upon the use of phosphoramidite monomers and the use of tetrazole catalysis. In phosphite triester method, the starting compound is N-6-benzoyldeoxyadenosinephosphoramidite (if adenine is the first base) where the phosphorous atom is in the +3 oxidation state. So unlike the other methods, the formation of oligonucleotides branch is not possible in this process. In this approach, the oligonucleotide is synthesized by a series of reactions described below. Protection of base and sugar In this step, the free -NH2 group of the bases are protected by benzoylation or acylation depending upon the nature of bases. The 5-hydroxyl group is also protected by dimethoxytrityl group (DMT), which protects only primary hydroxyl group but not secondary. The reactions are illustrated in CSG_Fig 3., the blocked bases are shown in the inset. Formation of phosphite triester or phosphoramidite In this step phosphite triester is synthesized by a series of reactions. First, 2-cyanoethanol on reaction with phosphorus trichloride produces an intermediate compound which on further reaction with di-isopropylamine (two-equivalent) and 5-OH protected nucleoside (one-equivalent) produces phosphite triester (CSG_Fig 4). This phosphoramidite will be repeatedly used during the oligonucleotide synthesis process described below. The synthesis procedure The synthesis is carried out in several steps described below: Step 1: The deblocking step The first base, which is attached to the solid support, is at first inactive because all the active sites have been blocked or protected. The free -NH2 groups in the bases remains protected by benzoylation or acylation depending upon the bases and the -OH group is protected by dimethoxytrityl group (DMT). To add the next base, the DMT group protecting the 5-hydroxyl group must be removed (deblocking). This step is also called detritylation. This is done by adding either dichloroacetic acid (DCA) or trichloroacetic acid (TCA) in dichloromethane (DCM), to the reaction column. The 5-hydroxyl group is now the only reactive group on the base monomer. This ensures that the addition of the next base will only bind to that site. The reaction column is then washed to remove any extra acid and by-products. Step 2: Base condensation The step2 is basically a condensation step. Now prior to addition of the well protected nucleotide to the column, it is essential to activate the phosphate group, so that the nucleophilic attack on phosphorous atom takes place easily. This is best done by adding tetrazole to the nucleotide in dichloromethane medium. In presence of tetrazole, diisopropylamine group of the nucleotide becomes positively charged and hence its departure would be easier after nucleophilic attack of 5-hydroxyl group of the previous nucleotide which is attached with resin column. After the reaction, the column was washed to remove extra tetrazole, unbound nucleotide and byproduct (diisopropylamine). Step 3: Capping In case of unreacted nucleoside attached with resin, the 5-hydroxyl group is unprotected this may react later with the addition of different nucleotides. If left unprotected, it will lead to the formation of a mixture of oligonucleotides. The 5-hydroxyl group is therefore blocked by adding acetic anhydride and N-methylimidazole (capping). After capping, the reaction column is thoroughly washed to remove extra acetic anhydride and N-methylimidazole. Step 4: Oxidation This step is basically an oxidation step. In this step, the phosphite linkage is oxidized to give more stable phosphate linkage. The oxidation is best done by adding a mixture of dilute aqueous iodine solution, pyridine (Py) and tetrahydorfuran (THF) to the reaction column. The steps one through four, i.e., deblocking, base condensation, capping and oxidation, are repeated until all desired bases have been added to the column. This cycle is completed once for each additional base. Step 5 Detachment of oligonucleotide from solid support After all bases have been added the oligonucletide must be cleaved from the solid support and deprotected before it can be effectively used. For detachment of oligonucleotides form resin, the column is treated with 28% ammonium hydroxide solution (NH4OH), and at the same time the ethylcyano group on the phosphate group is removed. Step 6: Purification and isolation of oligonucleotide In this step, NH4OH is evaporated from the ammonium hydroxide solution of oligonucleotides to get crude product. The crude product is a mixture of oligonucleotide, cleaved protective groups and oligonucleotides with internal deletions. Now this crude product is subjected to boiling in a sealed tube with NH4OH at 55 °C. The main purpose of this reaction is to remove the base protecting group. After evaporation of NH4OH, the crude product is subjected to desalting followed by Polyacrylamide Gel Electrophoresis, to purify the oligonucleotides. Desalting is used mainly to remove the ammonium ion. This is done by ethanol precipitation, size-exclusion chromatography, or reverse-phase chromatography. Oligonucleotides are synthesized by the stepwise addition of nucleoside-3à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ²-phosphoramidite monomers to solid-phase supports in an automated DNA synthesizer. In solid-phase synthesis, 3-terminal hydroxy group of the first added nucleoside is attached to the solid surface by covalent interaction. The solid support is contained in columns whose dimensions depend on the scale of synthesis. The two most frequently used solid phase materials are Control Pore Glass (CPG) and macroporous polystyrene (MPPS). CPG is commonly defined by its pore size, for example pore sizes of 500Ã… are used to allow the oligonucleotides preparation of about 50 -mer. To improve the performance of native CPG some modification is required. This is done by treating the material with (3-aminopropyl)triethoxysilane) to give Aminopropyl CPG. The amino group then serves as the anchoring point for the first added oligonucleoside. MPPS is synthesized by polymerization of divinylbenzene, styrene, and 4-chloromethylstyrene in the presence of a porogeneous agent. It is a low-swellable, highly cross-linked polystyrene and suitable for oligonucleotide synthesis. The macroporous chloromethyl MPPS obtained is often converted to aminomethyl MPPS to improve the efficiency of the support. Annealing of oligonucleotides For chemically synthesize a gene, the next step will be to assemble the oligonucleotides to form a complete gene. This is achieved by enzymatic methods which include polymerase cycling and ligase reactions. Some of the strategies are discussed below. Assembling oligonucleotides by single-step PCR. For synthesis of a gene, the oligonucleotides (about 30-60 nt long) are synthesized chemically so that each oligonucleotide has a 6-9 nt overlap with its neighboring oligonucleotide. These are then assembled in a single-step PCR. In this method, oligonucleotides are first ligated and then the product, the entire gene, is PCR amplified using the outmost oligonucleotides as primers. This method was first used to synthesize a 924-bp gene coding for an isozyme of horseradish peroxidase. Another method was developed by WPC Stemmer which did not use any ligase for joining the oligonucleotide products. It however, relied on Taq DNA polymerase (PCR cycling) for joining the individual oligonucleotides. Assembling oligonucleotides by two-step PCR. The method involves two steps. (i) Synthesis of individual fragments of the DNA of interest: ten to twelve 60mer oligonucleotides with 20 bp overlap are mixed and a PCR reaction is carried out with high-fidelity DNA polymerase Pfu to produce DNA fragments that are 500 bp in length. (ii) Synthesis of the entire sequence of the DNA of interest: five to ten PCR products from the first step are combined and used as the template for a second PCR reaction using high-fidelity DNA polymerase pyrobest, with the two outermost oligonucleotides as primers. Several modifications of the above procedure have been presented. One such method called PAS (PCR-based accurate synthesis) involves (i) synthesis of oligonucleotides to cover the entire DNA sequence (ii) PCR to synthesize DNA fragments (iii) second PCR for assembly of the products of the first PCR and (iv) cloning of the synthetic DNA and then verification by DNA sequencing. Besides, other methods in use for gene synthesis are successive extension PCR, simplified gene synthesis (PCR based), synthons and ligation by selection, to name a few. Review questions and problems What is the advantage of phosphatetriester method over phosphatediester method? What is the advantage of phosphitetriester method over phosphatetriester and  phosphatediester method? What is the main advantage to use DMTCl for protecting the 5-hydroxyl group? How could you attach the first nucleoside to the solid support? What is the utility of capping step in the oligonucleotides synthesis? Why capping is done by aceticanhydride? What is the function of iodine in the oxidation step of oligonucleotides synthesis? How could you protect only the free -NH2 group of the bases of a nucleoside? What is the reagent used for the removal of 2-cyanoethyl group from the  synthesized oligonucleotides? What is the byproduct produced from the base-condensation step of oligonucleotides  synthesis in phosphite triester method? How could you deprotect the bases of oligonucleotides? What is the function of tetrazole in the base condensation step of oligonucleotide synthesis? What is the basic principle for synthesizing a gene from the corresponding oligonucleotides by (a) PCR-based one-step DNA synthesis, (b) PCR-based two-step DNA synthesis?

Macbeth- General Information, Rough Essay

then is revealed as being weak and easily manipulated. He then descends into become a murderous madman. one realizes Macbeth’s transformation into one of drama’s most infamous villains coincides with a profound transformation of his conscience—to a point where he has none at all. Throughout the play Macbeth makes a journey from following a moral ethic, implementing a flawed ethic, and arriving to a point where he had none at all. When comparing Banquo and Macbeth, after they meet the weird sisters, one see’s that Banquo adheres to warrior ethics where Macbeth moves away from it.At the start of the play Macbeth was idolised by everyone and thought to have been a man of very great power whom could be defeated by nobody: â€Å"All is too weak for brave Macbeth – well he deserves that name† 1. 2. 15. It is stated in this quote by the Captain that at the start Macbeth was known as a brave heroic man, which his enemies were too weak to overthrow. B y the end of the play his status falls from a man of great magnificence to one that has barely managed to keep his own sanity.Thus our first description of Macbeth is that of a brave, loyal soldier defending his King and country He appears to be a strong military leader ‘brave Macbeth- well he deserves that name’’, is then called ‘noble Macbeth' and given the traitor’s title, Thane of Cawdor: ‘’with this former title greet Macbeth’’. The Captain tells the King killed the traitor Macdonald in a very horrible and gory manner ‘’unseamed him from the nave to th’chops’’ Therefore, we are led to believe that Macbeth is a good, loyal, courageous, and determined man.Things From the moment they are introduced to the play the witches are seen as a negative effect on Macbeth, creating chaos by prophesysing to Macbeth that he is going to become Thane of Cawdor ‘’All hail, Macbeth! Hail to thee, Thane of Cawdor! ’’ and that he is going to become king ‘’All hail, Macbeth! That shall be King hereafter’’and getting him to act. He knows he is already Thane of Glamis, but does not know that Duncan has promoted him to Thane of Cawdor. Macbeth is surprised by the promise of kingship.Banquo's prophecy is even more fantastic: he will be the father of kings but not king, and will be greater and happier than Macbeth. That is the moment when Macbeth wants to know more. The witches basically planted the seed of evil in Macbeth’s mind that later on grew to dominate his every action. However, it was Macbeth’s ambition that decided to take action on these prophesies, therefore it was he that decided the final outcome. When Ross and Angus enter to proclaim Macbeth's promotion, he is very surprised:‘’The Thane of Cawdor lives, why do you dress me in borrowed robes? ’ Moreover, Macbeth believes that this is the f ulfilment of the witches prophecies, However, there is no clear reason why Macbeth would become king, especially since the present King is so loved and admired. In the next few lines it becomes apparent that Macbeth not only has thought about being king, but he also believes what the witches told him is true: Glamis, and Thane of Cawdor: The greatest is behind Two truths are told, As happy prologues to the swelling act Of the imperial theme. (1. 3. 115-116, 126-128)This is the first time we see him realising that he might have to do something, as killing Duncan, in order to get to the throne. He debates the good and the bad side of the prophecies : ‘’If good, why do I yield to that suggestion whose horrid image doth unfix my hair’’ we are shown that Macbeth not only loves his King and country,’’our duties are to your throne and state, children and servants’’ but also himself. It still remains to be seen what action he will take. Macbeth's change has begun. **Soon enough, we are taken to Macbeth’s home, wherewe meet his wife, Lady Macbeth. Lady Macbeth has just received a letter from her husband in whichhe tells her everything that has happened. Because the witches got him very interested in their prophecies, he has had them investigated and has ’’ learned by the perfectest report that they have more in them than mortal knowledge. ’’ It is clear that after calling the witches ‘imperfect speakers' (1. 3. 68), Macbeth has now changed his mind. He also interprets the prophecies and tells his wife a slightly changed version.He addresses her ‘’my dearest partner in greatness’’ and seems to be sincere. Lady Macbeth, however, is determined that her husband becomes king. she says that Macbeth lacks the qualities necessary to assassinate Duncan without remorse or regret: ‘’yet do I fear thy nature, it is too full o’th’milk of human-kindness to catch the nearest way’’ . she hen prays for supernatural help to take away all of her feminine qualities and basically any traits of conscience: ‘’ unsex me here, and fill me from the crown to the toe top full of direst cruelty! ’, ‘’stop up th’access and passage to remorse’’, ‘’that my keen knife see not the wound it makes’’. After Macbeth arrives, Lady Macbeth is telling him to ‘’look like the innocent flower, but be the serpent under’t’’ and to ‘Leave all the rest to me' This implicates her in the murdering of Duncan and shows us that she is taking the responsibility. She is essentially taking over. After the King arrives at the castle and prepares to sleep peacefully, Macbeth is still debating how he can achieve the crown without getting caught.He doesn’t want to do it personally; he wants to get it over with:’ ’ If it were done, when’tis done, then ‘twere done well it were done quickly’ and doesn’t really want to kill his cousin and King; he has a conscience: ‘’he’s here in double trust’. On the other side, he’s obsessed with becoming king and his thoughts keep flowing in the same direction: ‘’I have no spur to prick the sides of my intent, but only vaulting ambitions, which o’er-leaps itself and falls on the other’’. We see duality when he says: ‘’we will proceed no longer in this business’’ and tries to procrastinate the murder.His wife then plays games with his mind and basically psychologically bullies and pressures him into killing Duncan by telling him that he is less than a man if he does not carry out the murder:’’ when you durst do it, then you were a man; and, to be more than what you were, you would be so much more the man’â€℠¢, and that she, being a woman has more strength of purpose than he does: ‘’i would, while it was smiling in my face, have plucked my nipple from his boneless gums, and dashed the brains out, had i sworn as you have done to this’. As soon as Macbeth has kills Duncan, he seems to start to lose his ind. He starts hallucinating: ‘’is this a dagger which i see before me, the handle toward my hand?Come, let me clutch thee. I have not, and yet I see thee still’’. He is unable to think clearly and is very paranoid. He is ready to eliminate anything that stands in his waybecause oft his ambitions for himself and the fear of being discovered. He just doesn't know what to do with himself while trying to keep the crown. Even though he is committed to Duncan, he Because Macbeth is afraid of the witches’ prophecy that he will lose the crown: ‘’To be thus in nothing, but to be safely thus.Our fears in Banquo stick deep’â₠¬â„¢ and Banquo will become king, he sends people to kill Banquo and Fleance. He hires three murderers in order to make sure that they won’t be able to escape. They ambush Banquo on his way to a royal feast, but Fleance escapes into the night. Macbeth is now the prisoner insolent and nagging doubts and fears,: ‘’But now I am cabined, confined, bound in to saucy doubts and fears’’, and is now paranoid because Fleace has escaped: ‘’There the grown serpent lies; the worm that’s fled hath nature that in time will venom breed’’.

Reactive Policing Essay

Reactive patrol is police responding to specific requests from individuals or groups in a community that provides â€Å"immediate† response to calls. Reactive patrol provides help to ensure that calls are responded to in an efficient and timely manner. Reactive patrol also involves the follow-up investigations required to get additional information to prosecute or otherwise help with assistance of the community. Reactive patrol is different from proactive control in the sense that reactive patrol is employed when a crime is or has already been committed and/or reported. Proactive policing is based on the concept of preventing crime, and making an appearance in the community to ensure they know there is assistance there for their own protection and safety. Proactive policing also provides a sort of deterrent for potential crimes and criminals due to the fact they know there is law enforcement active and interested in what is going on in the community. If police agencies only adopted one or the other, proactive, or reactive policing, the law enforcement system would become unbalanced. If proactive policing is the only type being employed, preventative measures might go so far that they begin to infringe on individual rights. If only reactive policing were used, there would be a rise in crime, because people would know there would only be a chance of them getting caught after the act had already been committed.

Historical And Contemporary Situation Of Torres Strait...

I aim to focus on the historical and contemporary situation of Torres Strait Islander and how the Edward Koiki Mabo (Eddie Mabo) decision has affected them. History Background Edward Koiki Mabo (Eddie Mabo) is the Australian Man born in 1936 from Torres Strait Islander campaigning for Indigenous land rights. His decision for land rights was the legal decision. In 1981, Mabo gave first speech at the land rights conference at the James Cook University explaining the traditional land ownership and inheritance system that his community followed on Mer Island. The lawyer in the conference noted the significance of Mabo’s speech and gave a suggestion there should be a test case to claim land rights through the court system. The case was heard for ten years, progressing from the Queensland Supreme Court to the high court of Australia. The choice of high court judgment in the Mabo case came about a clearing the myth of tera nullins and setting up a legitimate structure for native title by indigenous Australian. People recognize that Indigenous Australian have a prior claim to land taken by the British Crown since 1770. They were only land such as vacant cr own land, national parks and possibly some leased land, where the lease is subjected to the Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander people. It is important because it was the turning point for the recognition of Aboriginal and People right which acknowledge their unique connection with land. The judgments of the High Court inserted